“The Media Battle” of Parents in Action and the Conservative Discourse in the Peruvian Political Scene
Abstract
This article analyses aspects of the process of rhetorical constitution of an emerging political actor: the “conservative parent”, in Peru, in recent times, as well as the social and communicative practices that have allowed him to become an influential political representation in the right wing in the public contest. Starting from an initial state of the literature on conservative and mobilised parents, particularly active in schools and on issues of sexual and gender education, the study explores – with a comparative perspective – the strategically organized emergence of citizen groups with parental political identity, in different spaces of local conflict, as well as similar discourses with movements in different parts of the world. The research then focuses on a Peruvian case study: the group Parents in Action (“Padres en Acción”), which, with a legal appeal presented to the courts (a “popular action”), and the deployment of a <<media battle>> to support its position, questioned the application of the national curriculum with gender approach in Peruvian school education. The study uses a thematic-reflexive analysis of Parents in Action’s statements in the press to understand their argument focused on the defense of their parental rights, their vocation for mobilisation, and their call to constitute themselves as political actors.Downloads
Métricas alternativas
References
Alayo, F. (2016, 2 de diciembre). Guía de educación sexual cuestionada no se encuentra vigente. Diario El Comercio Perú: https://elcomercio.pe/peru/guia- educacion-sexual-cuestionada-encuentra-vigente-151483-noticia/
Alayo, F. (2019, 4 de abril). Corte Suprema declara infundada demanda contra enfoque de género en currículo. Diario El Comercio Perú: https://elcomercio.pe/peru/corte-suprema-declara-infundada-demanda-enfoque-genero- curriculo-noticia-623130-noticia/
Ampuero, E. M. (2022). Neo-Pentecostalism and religious conservatism on Facebook: A digital ethnography in Peruvian Pro-Family and Pro-Life groups. Desde El Sur, 14(2) https://doi.org/10.21142/DES-1401-2022-0017
Apple, M. W. (2000). Away with all teachers: The cultural politics of home schooling. International Studies in Sociology of Education, 10(1), 61-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/09620210000200049
Apple, M. W., & Oliver, A. (2018). Becoming right: Education and the formation of conservative movements. En Power/Knowledge/Pedagogy: The Meaning of Democratic Education in Unsettling Times (pp. 123-148). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429498060
Bennett, W. L., & Segerberg, A. (2012). The Logic of Connective Action. Information, Communication & Society, 15(5), 739-768. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2012.670661
Boler, M. y Davis, E. (2021). Affective Politics in Digital Media. Propaganda by other means. Routledge.
Braun, V. y Clarke, V. (2006). Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2) 77-101. DOI:10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Carden, C. (2019). ‘Fiddling with young kiddies’ minds’: Reporting on the Safe Schools Coalition in Australia. Continuum, 33(3), 297-309. https://doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2018.1556246
Castro-Pérez, R. (2022). Performing Conservatism. A Study of Emerging Political Mobilisation in Latinamerica using Social Media Drama Analysis. En E. Costa, P. G. Lange, N. Haynes, & J. Sinanan, The Routledge Companion to Media Anthropology. Routledge.
Chang, E. (2022). Curricular Countermovements: How White Parents Mounted a Popular Challenge to Ethnic Studies. Harvard Educational Review, 92(2), 157-181. https://doi.org/10.17763/1943-5045-92.2.157
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approach. Sage.
Dayan, D. y Katz, E. (1995). La historia en directo. La retransmisión televisiva de los acontecimientos. Gustavo Gili.
Dean, J. (2014) Communicative Capitalism and Class Struggle. Spheres, Journal of Digital Culture Jg. 1, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/3818
Eyerman, R. (2006). Performing opposition or, how social movements move. En J. C. Alexander, B. Giesen, & J. L. Mast (Eds.), Social Performance (1.a ed., pp. 193-217). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511616839.007
Fábián, K., & Korolczuk, E. (2017). Rebellious Parents: Parental Movements in Central-Eastern Europe and Russia. Indiana University Press.
Feinberg, M., & Willer, R. (2019). Moral reframing: A technique for effective and persuasive communication across political divides. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 13(12), e12501. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12501
Ferré Pavia, C., & Sambucetti, M. F. (2022). El neoconservadurismo religioso en Twitter: La campaña #ConMisHijosNoTeMetas y el discurso contra la igualdad de género. Teknokultura: Revista de Cultura Digital y Movimientos Sociales, 19(1), 55-66.
Frank, G. (2013). “The Civil Rights of Parents”: Race and Conservative Politics in Anita Bryant’s Campaign against Gay Rights in 1970s Florida. Journal of the History of Sexuality, 22(1), 126-160. https://doi.org/10.7560/JHS22106
Featherstone, J. D., Barnett, G. A., Ruiz, J. B., Zhuang, Y., & Millam, B. J. (2020). Exploring childhood anti-vaccine and pro-vaccine communities on twitter – a perspective from influential users. Online Social Networks and Media, 20, 100105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osnem.2020.100105
Gallagher, R. J., Reagan, A. J., Danforth, C. M., & Dodds, P. S. (2018). Divergent discourse between protests and counter-protests: #BlackLivesMatter and #AllLivesMatter. PLOS ONE, 13(4), e0195644. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195644
Gerrard, J., & Proctor, H. (2022). Activist women, schooling and the rise of grassroots Christian conservatism. Australian Educational Researcher, 49(5), 879-895. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-021-00461-9
Gerrard, J., & Savage, G. (2021). The governing parent-citizen: Dividing and valorising parent labour through school governance. Journal of Education Policy, 37, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2021.1877357
Graff, A., & Korolczuk, E. (2021). Anxious parents and children in danger: The family as a refuge from neoliberalism. En Anti-Gender Politics in the Populist Moment. Routledge.
Gerbaudo, P. (2017). Social Media Teams as Digital Vanguards: the question of leadership in management of Key Facebook and Twitter accounts of Occupy Wall Street, Indignados and UK Uncut. Information, Communication & Society, 20 (2), 185-202.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1161817
Hall, J. J. (2021). Japan’s Nationalist Right in the Internet Age: Online Media and Grassroots Conservative Activism. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003095392
Hervik, P. (2022). Media Anthropology and the Crisis of Facts. En E. Costa, P. G. Lange, N. Haynes, & J. Sinanan (eds). The Routledge Companion to Media Anthropology. Routledge.
Hesová, Z. (2021). -. Intersections East European Journal of Society and Politics, 7(1), 59-77. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.17356/ieejsp.v7i1.661
Höjdestrand, T. (2020). Fatherland, faith, and family values: Anti-liberalism and the desire for difference among Russian grassroots conservatives. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 102, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/04353684.2020.1780790
Kalm, S. and Meeuwisse, A. (2020). For Love and for Life: emotional dynamics at the World Congress of Families. Global Discourse 10 (2). DOI:10.1332/204378920X15784019972237
Kasimov, A. (2023). Decentralized hate: Sustained connective action in online far-right community. Social Movement Studies, 0(0), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2023.2204427
Khan, A. (2021). In Defence of an Unalienated Politic: A Critical Appraisal of the ‘No Outsiders’ Protests. Feminist Review, 128(1), 132-147. https://doi.org/10.1177/01417789211013777
Knüpfer, C., Hoffmann, M., & Voskresenskii, V. (2022). Hijacking MeToo: Transnational dynamics and networked frame contestation on the far right in the case of the ‘120 decibels’ campaign. Information, Communication & Society, 25(7), 1010-1028. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2020.1822904
Koltai, K. S. (2020). Human values and scientific controversies: Studying vaccine information behavior on social networking sites [Thesis]. https://doi.org/10.26153/tsw/12582
Korolczuk, E. (2017). When parents become activists exploring the intersection of civil society and family. En Civil Society Revisited: Lessons from Poland (pp. 129-152). Scopus.
Kuhar, R., & Zobec, A. (2017). The anti-gender movement in Europe and the educational process in public schools. CEPS Journal, 7(2), 29-46.
Laaksonen, S.-M., Pantti, M., & Titley, G. (2020). Broadcasting the Movement and Branding Political Microcelebrities: Finnish Anti-Immigration Video Practices on YouTube. Journal of Communication, 70(2), 171-194. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqz051
Lakoff, G. (2016) Moral Politics. How Liberals and Conservative Think, 3rd Edition. University of Chicago Press.
Legua Aranibar, Y. E. (2021). Ministerio de Educación y con mis hijos no te metas: Disputa comunicativa y opinión pública sobre el currículo escolar 2017. https://repositorio.usil.edu.pe/entities/publication/15080ffa-0a80-41a7-a771-c3e4626d3ab0
Meneses, D. (2019). Con Mis Hijos No Te Metas: Un estudio de discurso y poder en un grupo de Facebook peruano opuesto a la «ideología de género». Anthropologica, 37(42), 129-154. https://doi.org/10.18800/anthropologica.201901.006
Montanaro, (2023). Republicans Can’t Stop the Use of Word “Woke”. NPR, July 21th.
Consulta: https://www.npr.org/2023/07/21/1189016049/woke-desantis-trump-black-culture.
Oliveira, W. S., de Melo, C. I. B., & de Farias, I. M. S. (2021). Anti-gender discourses and curricular policies from Ceará/Brazil: Between tensions and resistances. Praxis Educativa, 16. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.5212/PRAXEDUC.V.16.15363.054
Padres En Acción Perú. (2017, 20 de Mayo). Versión oficial de la demanda de Acción Popular contra el Currículo de Educación Básica de 2017. Obtenido de Padres En Acción Perú: https://padresenaccionperu.org/2017/05/20/version-oficial-de-la-demanda-de- accion-popular-contra-contra-el-curriculo-de-educacion-basica-de-2017/
Postill, J. (2015), Book Review: The Logic of Connective Action: Digital Media and the Personalization of Contentious Politics. The International Journal of Press / Politics. Vol. 20 Issue 4. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161215599940
Ruiz, J., Featherstone, J. D., & Barnett, G. A. (2021). Identifying Vaccine Hesitant Communities on Twitter and their Geolocations: A Network Approach. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/71096
Salazar, J. (2022) ¡El león dormido despertó!: “Con mis hijos no te metas” y la configuración de los movimientos antigénero en Ecuador. Movimientos antigénero en América Latina, 157.
Santamarina, S. (2020). Ideología de género” y activismo político del movimiento provida. El caso de Con Mis Hijos no te Metas en Argentina (2017-2020) (Doctoral dissertation, Tesis para optar al título de magíster en Derechos Humanos y Democratización en América Latina y el Caribe), Universidad de San Martín, Argentina).
Sembler, C., & Valencia, I. (2023). ¿Con mis hijos no te metas? Discursos sobre la autoridad de padres y madres en Chile. Sociedade e Cultura, 26. https://doi.org/10.5216/sec.v26.74664
Sevelsted, A., & Toubøl, J. (2022). Paradigm Lost? Three Dimensions of Morality and Social Movements (pp. 15-37). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98798-5_2
Shroeder, R. (2018), Social Theory after the Internet. Media, Technology and Globalisation. UCL.
Trappolin, L., & Gusmeroli, P. (2021). La protesta di madri e insegnanti contro il gender a scuola. Meccanismi di attivazione tra convergenze e disomogeneità. Polis, 1/2021. https://doi.org/10.1424/100289
Venegas, M. (2022). Relationships and sex education in the age of anti-gender movements: What challenges for democracy? Sex Education, 22(4), 481-495. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2021.1955669
Vinokur, M., & Kirjner, L. (2023). Estamos en ESI. Los debates que emergieron ante la actualización de la ley en el 2018. La Aljaba, Vol. 27 No 1.
https://doi.org/10.19137/la-aljaba-v271-2023-3
Westermeyer, W. (2021). Back to America: Identity, Political Culture and the Tea Party Movement, University of Nebraska Press.
Xu, W. W. (2020). Mapping Connective Actions in the Global Alt-Right and Antifa Counterpublics. International Journal of Communication, 14(0), Article 0.
Copyright (c) 2024 Letras (Lima)
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Este obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional