Clitic pronouns and gender in Spanish in contact with Shipibo-Konibo, Asháninka and Ashéninka-Perené
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30920/letras.96.144.3Keywords:
Amazonian Spanish, Bilingual Spanish, clitic pronouns, genderAbstract
This article presents an overview of previous studies on the direct object pronominal system of Spanish in contact with Shipibo-konibo, Asháninka, and Perené Ashéninka. Evidence shows the acquisition of proclitic pronouns in all varieties in contact examined. It also shows a preference for the use of the pronoun le, and in the specific case of Spanish in contact with Shipibo-konibo, data indicate a certain level of gender neutralization evident in oral production and in an interpretation test, as well as the less frequent use of the form lo and, by some speakers, of the form se in direct object contexts. In the case of varieties in contact with Asháninka and Perené Ashéninka, evidence is found of the forms lo and la, although less frequently than le. To account for this variability, the concept of bilingual alignments is used. These are storage units for features originating from different language modules and are permeable in bilinguals, such that features from both languages can coexist within them. These alignments can be temporary and variable; hence, multiple forms are found in acquisition contexts, but over time, they can develop a certain level of stability that gives way to stable representations.Downloads
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